The 46-year-old was arrested in west London and taken to a police station before being released on bail.
Brown married the Mexican model and actress, 37, around 10 years ago and the couple have a nine-year-old son named Emilio.
A statement from Scotland Yard said police were called to reports of a disturbance at a residential address shortly after 8am yesterday morning.
It continued: "On arrival, a 37-year-old woman made an allegation of domestic assault. A 46-year-old man was arrested at the address."
The musician was bailed to return next month.